Kingdom: Protista
Kingdom: Protista consists of protozoa and algal protists.
Phylum: Mastigophora consists of the largest number of protozoa which moves with their flagella e.g. trypanosome(sleeping sickness) and Euglena(Figure 10). The eye spot(stigma) of an Euglena contains astaxanthin that absorbs blue-violet light(blue-green in some species). The movement of flagella is controlled by the sensory organs such as the eye. The pellicle holds its body as it does not have cell wall. Contractile vacuole is a water pump that removes excess water out of the cell. The paramylum body stores polysaccharides. Euglena loses chloroplast when treated 35C for a few generations, or treated with streptomysin.
Figure 10: Trypanosome and Euglena(Phylum: Mastigophora)
Phylum: Sarcodina moves with pseudopods contractile microfilaments squeezes cytoplasm to psudopods. Phylum: Ciliata and phylum: Suctoria are predators. Stentor(phylum: Ciliata) has chain nuclei(Figure 11). Panamecium(phylum: Ciliata) has micro and macronuclei and only appropriate pairs can be preconjugants. Some has more than one micronuclei.
Figure 11: Paramecium and Stentor (Phylum: Ciliata)
Adult Paracineta(phylum: Suctoria) lack cilia(Figure 12). The neurofibrils stems at basal bodies in trichocytes.
Figure 12: Paracineta (Phylum: Suctoria)
Phylum: Sporozoa need host animals to thrive. Plasmodium(phylum: Sporozoa) in RBC releases merozoites which causes malaria. Its meitosis occurs in salivary glands in mosquito. The silicated shell of Chrysophyta diatoms deposites on the ocean floor. Phylum: Pyrrophyta contains class: Xanthrophyceae(yellow-green algae) and class: Chrysophyceae(golden-brown algae). Dinoflagellates Gonyanlax and Gymnodinium is the cause of the red tide(Figure 13).
Figure 13: Chrysophyta diatom and Phyrrophyta dinoflagellate
Their toxin saxitoxin paralyze the striated muscle by binding Ca. Some dinoflagellates have cellulose envelop theca. Dinoflagellates lack histone and cetromere. Spindle does not form in mitosis of dinoflagellates.