Order: Diptera
The order Diptera, commonly known as true flies, is a group of insects which is characterized by having only one pair of wings, with the second pair reduced to small structures known as halteres, which help with balance during flight. Diptera is further divided into several suborders, each with its own unique characteristics and members.Suborder: Nematocera (Long Horn)
The Nematocera suborder includes flies with long antennae that often have multiple segments. This group comprises families such as mosquitoes, crane flies, and gnats. Nematocera flies are usually slender and delicate, with larvae that often live in aquatic environments or moist soil. These insects are known for their significant role in various ecosystems, including pollination and serving as a food source for other animals.Suborder: Brachycera (Short Horn)
In contrast to Nematocera, the Brachycera suborder consists of flies with shorter, more robust antennae. This group includes well-known families such as houseflies, horseflies, and robber flies. Brachycera flies are generally more robust and agile fliers. Their larvae, commonly known as maggots, often feed on decaying organic matter or live as predators and parasites.An example of a family within the Brachycera suborder is Thanmaleidae. Members of this family have short antennae, placing them within the Brachycera suborder (Figure 4). Thanmaleidae flies exhibit diverse behaviors and ecological roles, contributing to the complexity and diversity of this suborder.
Suborder: Cyclorrhapha (Circular Seam)
The Cyclorrhapha suborder is distinguished by a unique feature in the development of its pupae: a circular seam through which the adult fly emerges. This group encompasses a wide range of flies, including fruit flies, blowflies, and hoverflies. Cyclorrhapha flies often have significant ecological and economic impacts. For instance, fruit flies can be pests to agriculture, while hoverflies are important pollinators.
